| Finding ID |
Severity |
Title |
Description |
|
V-271201
|
High |
SQL Server must implement cryptographic mechanisms to prevent unauthorized modification or disclosure of organization-defined information at rest (to include, at a minimum, PII and classified information) on organization-defined information system components. |
DBMSs handling data requiring "data at rest" protections must employ cryptographic mechanisms to prevent unauthorized disclosure and modification of the information at rest. These cryptographic mechanisms may be native to the DBMS or implemented via additional software or operating system/file system settings, as appropriate to the situation.
Selection of a... |
|
V-271199
|
High |
SQL Server must use NSA-approved cryptography to protect classified information in accordance with the data owner’s requirements. |
Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of using encryption to protect data. The application must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher standards approved by the federal government since this provides assurance they have been tested and validated.
It is the responsibility of the data owner... |
|
V-271119
|
High |
SQL Server must enforce approved authorizations for logical access to information and system resources in accordance with applicable access control policies. |
Authentication with a DOD-approved PKI certificate does not necessarily imply authorization to access the DBMS. To mitigate the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive information by entities that have been issued certificates by DOD-approved PKIs, all DOD systems, including databases, must be properly configured to implement access control policies.
Successful... |
|
V-271118
|
High |
SQL Server must integrate with an organization-level authentication/access mechanism providing account management and automation for all users, groups, roles, and any other principals. |
Enterprise environments make account management for applications and databases challenging and complex. A manual process for account management functions adds the risk of a potential oversight or other error. Managing accounts for the same person in multiple places is inefficient and prone to problems with consistency and synchronization.
A comprehensive... |
|
V-271195
|
Medium |
SQL Server must enforce access restrictions associated with changes to the configuration of the database(s). |
Failure to provide logical access restrictions associated with changes to configuration may have significant effects on the overall security of the system.
When dealing with access restrictions pertaining to change control, it should be noted that any changes to the hardware, software, and/or firmware components of the information system can... |
|
V-271188
|
Medium |
Execution of stored procedures and functions that use execute as must be restricted to necessary cases only. |
In certain situations, to provide required functionality, a DBMS needs to execute internal logic (stored procedures, functions, triggers, etc.) and/or external code modules with elevated privileges. However, if the privileges required for execution are at a higher level than the privileges assigned to organizational users invoking the functionality applications/programs, those... |
|
V-271186
|
Medium |
SQL Server must enforce discretionary access control (DAC) policies, as defined by the data owner, over defined subjects and objects. |
DAC is based on the notion that individual users are "owners" of objects and therefore have discretion over who should be authorized to access the object and in which mode (e.g., read or write). Ownership is usually acquired because of creating the object or via specified ownership assignment. DAC allows... |
|
V-271184
|
Medium |
SQL Server must associate organization-defined types of security labels having organization-defined security label values with information in process, transit, or storage. |
Without the association of security labels to information, there is no basis for SQL Server to make security-related access-control decisions.
Security labels are abstractions representing the basic properties or characteristics of an entity (e.g., subjects and objects) with respect to safeguarding information.
These labels are typically associated with internal data... |
|
V-271179
|
Medium |
SQL Server must provide nonprivileged users with error messages that provide information necessary for corrective actions without revealing information that could be exploited by adversaries. |
Any DBMS or associated application providing too much information in error messages on the screen or printout risks compromising the data and security of the system. The structure and content of error messages need to be carefully considered by the organization and development team.
Databases can inadvertently provide a wealth... |
|
V-271176
|
Medium |
SQL Server must check the validity of all data inputs except those specifically identified by the organization. |
Invalid user input occurs when a user inserts data or characters into an application's data entry fields and the application is unprepared to process that data. This results in unanticipated application behavior, potentially leading to an application or information system compromise. Invalid user input is one of the primary methods... |
|
V-271173
|
Medium |
Database contents must be protected from unauthorized and unintended information transfer by enforcement of a data transfer policy. |
Applications, including DBMSs, must prevent unauthorized and unintended information transfer via shared system resources.
Data used for the development and testing of applications often involves copying data from production. It is important that specific procedures exist for this process, including the conditions under which such transfer may take place, where... |
|
V-271172
|
Medium |
SQL Server must isolate security functions from nonsecurity functions. |
An isolation boundary provides access control and protects the integrity of the hardware, software, and firmware that perform security functions.
Security functions are the hardware, software, and/or firmware of the information system responsible for enforcing the system security policy and supporting the isolation of code and data on which the... |
|
V-271171
|
Medium |
The certificate used for encryption must be backed up and stored in a secure location that is not on the SQL Server. |
Backup and recovery of the certificate used for encryption is critical to the complete recovery of the database. Not having this key can lead to loss of data during recovery. |
|
V-271170
|
Medium |
The Database Master Key must be encrypted by the Service Master Key, where a Database Master Key is required and another encryption method has not been specified. |
When not encrypted by the Service Master Key, system administrators or application administrators may access and use the Database Master Key to view sensitive data that they are not authorized to view. Where alternate encryption means are not feasible, encryption by the Service Master Key may be necessary. To help... |
|
V-271169
|
Medium |
The Database Master Key encryption password must meet DOD password complexity requirements. |
Weak passwords may be easily guessed. When passwords are used to encrypt keys used for encryption of sensitive data, the confidentiality of all data encrypted using that key is at risk.
Current DOD passwords require the following:
- minimum of 15 characters;
- at least one uppercase character;
- one... |
|
V-271168
|
Medium |
In the event of a system failure, hardware loss or disk failure, SQL Server must be able to restore necessary databases with least disruption to mission processes. |
Failure to a known state can address safety or security in accordance with the mission/business needs of the organization. Failure to a known secure state helps prevent a loss of confidentiality, integrity, or availability in the event of a failure of the information system or a component of the system.... |
|
V-271147
|
Medium |
The role(s)/group(s) used to modify database structure (including but not limited to tables, indexes, storage, etc.) and logic modules (stored procedures, functions, triggers, links to software external to SQL Server, etc.) must be restricted to authorized users. |
If SQL Server were to allow any user to make changes to database structure or logic, those changes might be implemented without undergoing the appropriate testing and approvals that are part of a robust change management process.
Accordingly, only qualified and authorized individuals must be allowed to obtain access to... |
|
V-271146
|
Medium |
Database objects (including but not limited to tables, indexes, storage, stored procedures, functions, triggers, links to software external to SQL Server, etc.) must be owned by database/DBMS principals authorized for ownership. |
Within the database, object ownership implies full privileges to the owned object, including the privilege to assign access to the owned objects to other subjects. Database functions and procedures can be coded using definer's rights. This allows anyone who uses the object to perform the actions if they were the... |
|
V-271143
|
Medium |
SQL Server must limit privileges to change software modules, to include stored procedures, functions, and triggers, and links to software external to SQL Server. |
If the system were to allow any user to make changes to software libraries, then those changes might be implemented without undergoing the appropriate testing and approvals that are part of a robust change management process.
Accordingly, only qualified and authorized individuals must be allowed to obtain access to information... |
|
V-271124
|
Medium |
SQL Server must allow only the information system security manager (ISSM) (or individuals or roles appointed by the ISSM) to select which auditable events are to be audited. |
Without the capability to restrict which roles and individuals can select which events are audited, unauthorized personnel may be able to prevent or interfere with the auditing of critical events.
Suppression of auditing could permit an adversary to evade detection.
Misconfigured audits can degrade the system's performance by overwhelming the... |
|
V-271122
|
Medium |
SQL Server must protect against a user falsely repudiating by ensuring databases are not in a trust relationship. |
Nonrepudiation of actions taken is required to maintain data integrity. Examples of particular actions taken by individuals include creating information, sending a message, approving information (e.g., indicating concurrence or signing a contract), and receiving a message.
Nonrepudiation protects against later claims by a user of not having created, modified, or... |
|
V-271121
|
Medium |
SQL Server must protect against a user falsely repudiating by using system-versioned tables (Temporal Tables). |
Nonrepudiation of actions taken is required to maintain data integrity. Examples of particular actions taken by individuals include creating information, sending a message, approving information (e.g., indicating concurrence or signing a contract), and receiving a message.
Nonrepudiation protects against later claims by a user of not having created, modified, or... |